Source: IUCN, PAPACO, 2011

Extractive industries, whether in the extraction of minerals, their processing,
or their transportation, generate environmental damage, the extent of which depends on
both the substance exploited and the pre-existing natural environment: land clearance, loss of
agricultural land, dust, chemical pollution, noise. What’s more, they often lead to
population migrations, whether of people displaced from the mining site to another site or
of people who come to live near the mining site in an attempt to benefit from the
direct or indirect economic spin-offs. This human pressure also generates
impacts on fauna, but above all on flora (deforestation for cultivation and firewood).

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