Source: IDDRI, June 2025

t a time when multilateralism and the various forms of international cooperation are being undermined by increasingly brutal geopolitics, some emerging countries are spearheading new visions. Such is the case of Lula’s Brazil, which, after the G20 in 2024, is currently presiding over the BRICS and the COP 30 climate conference to be held in November. It is keen to place the nature-based economy (or bioeconomy) at the heart of its development, and is promoting an approach based on international cooperation in this field. The bioeconomy is currently enjoying a certain amount of political traction in developing and emerging countries (Ecuador, Colombia, South Africa, the Southern African Development Community, etc.), whose strategies reflect proposals for development based on sustainable use of biodiversity and renewed relations between humans and nature. What are the political and financial conditions required to make these visions a reality? And what role can the G20 and COP 30 play?

G20, COP 30: reconciling development, climate and biodiversity | IDDRI